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nydus/An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsPublic

Adam Smith examines how the annual labor of a nation determines the supply of necessities and conveniences available to its population. He analyzes how the skill of the workforce and the ratio of productive to unproductive laborers influence a society's overall wealth and standard of living.

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Table of Contents

CHAPTER I. OF THE EXPENSES OF THE SOVEREIGN OR COMMONWEALTH.

depended upon their doing so, and that their own militia was altogether incapable of resisting the attack of such an army.

The soldiers of a standing army, though they may never have seen an enemy, yet have frequently appeared to possess all the courage of veteran troops, and, the very moment that they took the field, to have been fit to face the hardiest and most experienced veterans. In 1756, when the Russian army marched into Poland, the valour of the Russian soldiers did not appear inferior to that of the Prussians, at that time supposed to be the hardiest and most experienced veterans in Europe. The Russian empire, however, had enjoyed a profound peace for near twenty years before, and could at that time have very few soldiers who had ever seen an enemy. When the Spanish war broke out in 1739, England had enjoyed a profound peace for about eight-and-twenty years. The valour of her soldiers, however, far from being corrupted by that long peace, was never more distinguished than in the attempt upon Carthagena, the first unfortunate exploit of that unfortunate war. In a long peace, the generals, perhaps, may sometimes forget their skill; but where a well regulated standing army has been kept up, the soldiers seem never to forget their valour.

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