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nydus/Socialism, Utopian and ScientificPublic

Friedrich Engels examines the development of socialist theory, distinguishing between early utopian concepts and the framework of scientific socialism. The text originated as a response to the theories of Dr. E. Dühring and serves as a foundational analysis of the modern socialist movement.

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Table of Contents

UTOPIAN AND SCIENTIFIC

of them. There may even be names of names. It would imply a contradiction if, on the one hand, we maintained that all ideas had their origin in the world of sensation, and, on the other, that a word was more than a word; that besides the beings known to us by our senses, beings which are one and all individuals, there existed also beings of a general, not individual, nature. An unbodily substance is the same absurdity as an unbodily body. Body, being, substance, are but different terms for the same reality. It is impossible to separate thought from matter that thinks. This matter is the substratum of all changes going on in the world. The word infinite is meaningless, unless it states that our mind is capable of performing an endless process of addition. Only material things being perceptible to us, we cannot know anything about the existence of God. My own existence alone is certain. Every human passion is a mechanical movement which has a beginning and an end. The objects of impulse are what we call good. Man is subject to the same laws as nature. Power and freedom are identical.

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