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This manual by Epictetus presents Stoic moral philosophy as a foundation for personal independence and the exercise of philosophical reason. The text explores the historical influence of these teachings on modern intellectuals and their role in promoting individual liberty within restrictive social and political environments.

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Table of Contents

THE ENCHIRIDION

It is not necessary for you to appear often at public spectacles; but if ever there is a proper occasion for you to be there, do not appear more solicitous for any other than for yourself—that is, wish things to be only just as they are, and only the best man to win; for thus nothing will go against you. But abstain entirely from acclamations and derision and violent emotions. And when you come away, do not discourse a great deal on what has passed and what contributes nothing to your own amendment. For it would appear by such discourse that you were dazzled by the show.

Be not prompt or ready to attend private recitations; but if you do attend, preserve your gravity and dignity, and yet avoid making yourself disagreeable.

When you are going to confer with anyone, and especially with one who seems your superior, represent to yourself how Socrates or Zeno5 would behave in such a case, and you will not be at a loss to meet properly whatever may occur.

When you are going before anyone in power,

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