vol. i , pp. 169, 170). Figures are corrected at vol. i , p. 327, and vol. ii , pp. 371, 374. New information is added here and there: an additional way of raising money by fictitious bills is described in the long note at vol. i , p. 294; the details from Sandi as to the introduction of the silk manufacture into Venice are added ( vol. i , p. 379); so also are the accounts of the tax on servants in Holland ( vol. ii , pp. 341–2), and the mention of an often forgotten but important quality of the land-tax, the possibility of reassessment within the parish ( vol. ii , p. 329). There are some interesting alterations in the theory as to the emergence of profit and rent from primitive conditions, though Smith himself would probably be surprised at the importance which some modern inquirers attach to the points in question ( vol. i , pp. 49–52). At vol. i , pp. 99, 100, the fallacious argument to prove that high profits raise prices more than high wages is entirely new, though the doctrine itself is asserted in another passage ( vol. ii , p. 100). The insertion in the second edition of certain cross-references at vol. i , pp. 195, 311, which do not occur in the first edition, perhaps indicates that the Digressions on the Corn Laws and the Bank of Amsterdam were somewhat late additions to the scheme of the work. Beer is a necessary of life in one place and a luxury in another in the first edition, but is nowhere a necessary in the second ( vol. i , p. 430; vol. ii , p. 355). The epigrammatic condemnation of the East India Company at vol. ii , p. 137, appears first in the second edition. At vol. ii , p. 284, we find “Christian” substituted for “Roman Catholic,” and the English puritans, who were “persecuted” in the first edition, are only “restrained” in the second ( vol. ii , p. 90)—defections from the ultra-protestant standpoint perhaps due to the posthumous working of the influence of Hume upon his friend.
Between the second edition and the third, published at the end of 1784, there are considerable differences. The third edition is in three volumes, octavo, the first running to the end of Book II , chapter ii , and the second from that point to the end of the chapter on Colonies, Book IV , chapter viii . The author by this time had overcome the reluctance he felt