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nydus/Notes on the State of VirginiaPublic

Thomas Jefferson compiles these notes in response to inquiries from a foreign official regarding the geography and state of Virginia. The text provides detailed descriptions of the region's boundaries, dimensions, and physical landscape as understood in the late eighteenth century.

Page 49 of 329
Table of Contents

Query Vl

[ h ] We are told of a fulphur fpring on Howard's creek of Greenbriar, and ano- ther at Boonlborough on Kentucky.

In the low grounds of the Great Kan- haway, feven miles above the mouth of Elk river, and 67 above that of the Kanaway itfelf, is a hole in the earth of the capacity of 30 or 40 gallons, from which iffues conftantly a bituminous vapour, in fo ftrong a current, as to give to the fand about its orifice the motion which it has in a boiling fpring. On prefenting a lighted candle or torch wathin 1 8 inches of the hole, it flames up in a column of 1 8 inches diameter, and four or five feet height, which fometimes burns out within 20 minutes, and at other times has been known to continue three days, and then has been ftill left burning. The flame is unfl:eady, of the denfity of that of burning fpirits, and fmells like burning pit coal. Water fometimes coUedls in the bafon, which is remarkably cold, and is kept in ebullition by the vapour ifluing through it.

If the vapour be fired in that flate, the water foon becomes fo warm that the hand cannot bear it, and evaporates wholly in a fhort time. This, with the circumjacent lands, is the property of his excellency general Walhington and of general Lewis.

There is a fimilar one on Sandy river, the flame of which is a column of about 12 inches diameter, and three feet high.

General Clarke, who informs me of it, kindled the vapour, ftaid about an hour, and left it burning.

The mention of uncommon fprings leads me to that of Syphon fountains.

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