No politician is wise: Some knaves are politicians, Therefore some knaves are not wise.

After this they took another subject, and one propounded this syllogism:

Every philosopher is wise:

Every beast is wise,

Therefore every beast is a philosopher.

Every philosopher is wise: Every beast is wise, Therefore every beast is a philosopher.

But another said that this argument was false, therefore he contradicted him with a syllogism of the second figure of the fourth mode, thus: