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nydus/Contributions to the Theory of Natural SelectionPublic

This volume collects essays written by Alfred Russel Wallace regarding his independent discovery and development of the theory of natural selection. The author provides corrected and expanded versions of his previous scientific writings to demonstrate the scope and application of his findings.

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Table of Contents

IV. THE MALAYAN PAPILIONIDÆ OR SWALLOW-TAILED BUTTERFLIES, AS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION.

Mimickers.Species mimicked.Common habitat.
Danaidæ.
1. Papilio paradoxa (male & female)Euplœa Midamus (male & female)Sumatra, &c.
2. P. CaunusE. RhadamanthusBorneo and Sumatra.
3. P. ThuleDanais sobrinaNew Guinea.
4. P. MacareusD. AglaiaMalacca, Java
5. Papilio AgestorDanais TytiaNorthern India.
6. P. IdæoidesHestia LeuconoëPhilippines.
7. P. DelessertiiIdeopsis daosPenang.
Morphidæ.
8. P. Pandion (female)Drusilla bioculataNew Guinea
Papilio ( Polydorus - and Coon -groups).
9. P. Pammon (Romulus, female)Papilio HectorIndia.
10. P. Theseus, var. (female)P. AntiphusSumatra, Borneo.
11. P. Theseus, var. (female)P. DiphilusSumatra, Java.
12. P. Memnon, var. (Achates, female)P. CoonSumatra.
13. P. Androgeus, var. (Achates, female)P. DoubledayiNorthern India.
14. P. Œnomaus (female)P. LirisTimor.

We have, therefore, fourteen species or marked varieties of Papilio, which so closely resemble species of other groups in their respective localities, that it

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