mulatto of mixed Negro and Indian blood. He went to school from the ages of five to twelve, and probably received some private tutoring from Jacob Cardozo; he was apprenticed to a carpenter for five years, and then pursued the trade independently for a few more. At the age of twenty-one, with money which he had saved over the years, and possibly with some help from the family and from the American Missionary Association, he went to Scotland. He matriculated first at the University of Glasgow, where he won prizes in Latin and in Greek, and then at the theological seminary in Edinburgh. He later studied at the London School of Theology, was ordained, and then returned to the United States to become the minister of the Temple Street Congregational Church in New Haven, Conn. A year later, immediately after the conclusion of the Civil War, he was sent by the American Missionary Association to Charleston, where he founded the Avery Institute, a normal school. In the following years, he was president of the South Carolina State Council of Union Leagues, a member of the South Carolina Constitutional Convention of 1868, a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of South
91 14 Ga. 185-207; 20 Ga. 480-512; 33 Ga. 11-29, as cited in HTC, vol. Ill, pp. 33, 50-51, 87-88.
92 For Jacob N. Cardozo, see Alexander Brody, "Jacob Newton Cardozo, American Economist," Historic. Judaica, vol. XV (1955), pp. 135-166; for Isaac, see E, pp. 161, 163-164 and 204; and Barnett A. Elzas, The Old Jewish Cemeteries at Charleston, S. C. (Charleston, 1903), p. 12.
52 Jews and Negro Slavery in the Old South, 1789-1865
Carolina in 1869, Secretary of State in the Scott administration of 1868-72, and State Treasurer in the Moses and Chamberlain administrations, 1872-76. During the latter years he studied at the South Carolina College and received his LL.B. degree in 1876. Cardozo was described by those