Terms used for persons.

By [Greek:——] is meant numbers themselves, 4, 20, 50, etc, by [Greek:——] these numbers exemplified, 4 horses, 20 sheep, etc.

The profits of a mercantile transaction (say £1000) are to be divided between A and B, in the ratio of 2 to 3 (which is the real point to be settled); then, A : B :: 400 : 600. A : 400 :: B : 600 (permutando, and assuming a value for A and B, so as to make them commensurable with the respectiy sums). A+400 : B+600 :: A : B. This represents the actual distribution; its fairness depending entirely on that of the first proportion.

i.e. where the ratio is that of equality, thus 2 : 2 :: 40 : 40

Her Majesty’s “Justices.”

I have omitted the next three lines, as they seem to be out of place here, and to occur much more naturally afterwards; it not being likely that they were originally twice written, one is perhaps at liberty to give Aristotle the benefit of the doubt, and conclude that he put them where they made the best sense.

This I believe to be the meaning of the passage but do not pretend to be able to get it out of the words.