Léon Gautier, La Chevalerie, pp. 236-8, 348-50.

The chief source of information on these Courts is André le Chapelain's De Arte Amatoria. Boccaccio made use of this work, though without mentioning the author's name, in his own Dialogo d' Amore.

A. Méray, La Vie au Temps des Cours d'Amour, 1876.

Remy de Gourmont, Dante, Béatrice et la Poésie Amoureuse, 1907, p. 32.

Niphus (born about 1473), a physician and philosopher of the Papal Court, wrote in his De Pulchro, sometimes considered the first modern treatise on æsthetics, a minute description of Joan of Aragon, whose portrait, traditionally ascribed to Raphael, is in the Louvre. The famous work of Firenzuola (born 1493) entitled Dialogo delle Bellezze delle Donne, was published in 1548. It has been translated into English by Clara Bell under the title On the Beauty of Women.

See, for example, Edith Coulson James, Bologna: Its History, Antiquities and Art, 1911.

See, for an interesting account of the position of women in the Italian Renaissance, Burckhardt, Die Kultur der Renaissance, Part V, ch. vi.

I may quote the following remarks from a communication I have received from a University man: "I am prepared to show women, and to