But with regard to what we consider as things or the modes of things, it is worth while to examine each of them by itself. By substance we can conceive nothing else than a thing which exists in such a way as to stand in need of nothing beyond itself in order to its existence. And, in truth, there can be conceived but one substance which is absolutely independent, and that is God. We perceive that all other things can exist only by help of the concourse of God. And, accordingly, the term substance does not apply to God and the creatures univocally , to adopt a term familiar in the schools; that is, no signification of this word can be distinctly understood which is common to God and them.

That the term is applicable univocally to the mind and the body, and how substance itself is known.