weighing on the dissolution of one tie and the forming of another. For the abhorrence of the oppression of the man by the woman or the woman by the man (both of which continually happen to-day under the ægis of our would-be moral institutions) will certainly be an essential outcome of the ethics of the New Society. We may here note, as an example of the hypocrisy of the modern marriage system, that in the highest circles of 301 our society morganatic marriages incur no blame at all.
The next point we have to call attention to is the occupations of mankind under Communism. In the present state of things, which is dominated by capitalism and wage-earning, the repulsiveness of all labour is assumed, the sole motive power being economic coercion from one end of the scale to the other. Now it is true that the original root of incitement to labour is necessity; but throughout the sentient world this is accompanied by pleasure in the successful exercise of energy. Indeed, as beings rise in the scale of development, the proportion of pleasure due to the latter as compared with the pain produced by coercion increases, always presupposing the absence of artificial and privileged coercion. For example, the horse in his natural state delights in running, and the dog in hunting, while in the elementary conditions of savage human life, certain ceremonies, and adornments of weapons and the like, point to a sense of pleasure and dignity even in the process of the 302 acquisition of food. When we emerge from vague primitive into early historic barbarism, we find that this expression of some degree of pleasure in labour receives fresh impetus, and is everywhere present in needful occupations. It was from this turning of a necessary work into amusement that definite art was finally born.
As Barbarism began to give place to early Civilisation, this solace of labour fell asunder into duality like everything else, and art became incidental and accessory on the one side and independent and primary on the other. We shall take the liberty here of coining words, and calling