and most repulsive work, because it does not pay, in a socialist community its use will be relegated almost entirely to such work, because in a society of equality everything will be thought to pay which dispenses the citizen from drudgery. For the rest it must be admitted that the tendency of modern industrialism is towards the entire extinction of handiwork by machinery; but there is no doubt that in the long run this will work out its own contradiction. Machinery having been perfected, mankind will turn its attention to something else. We shall then begin to free ourselves from the terrible tyranny of machinery, and the results of the great commercial epoch which it has perfected; we fully admit that these results seem destined to overlap from the capitalistic into the socialistic period.
We have dealt first with the adjective arts because the practice of them is directly affected by the change in economics which is at the basis of the transformation of Civilisation into Socialism; let us now look at the substantive arts, beginning, however, with architecture, which is