A calcareous plate employed by many Molluscae to close the aperture of their shell. The Opercular Valves of Cirripedes are those which close the aperture of the shell.

The bony cavity for the reception of the eye.

An organised being, whether plant or animal.

A term applied to those fruits of the Umbelliferae which have the seed straight.

Forms or groups apparently intermediate between and connecting other groups are said to be osculant.

Eggs.

(in plants): The lower part of the pistil or female organ of the flower, containing the ovules or incipient seeds; by growth after the other organs of the flower have fallen, it usually becomes converted into the fruit.

Egg-bearing.

(of plants): The seeds in the earliest condition.

A group of Mammalia, so called from their thick skins, and including the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, etc.

The oldest system of fossiliferous rocks.

Jointed appendages to some of the organs of the mouth in insects and Crustacea.

An order of plants (see Leguminosae ). The flowers of these plants are called Papilionaceous , or butterfly-like, from the fancied resemblance of the expanded superior petals to the wings of a butterfly.

An animal or plant living upon or in, and at the expense of, another organism.

The production of living organisms from unimpregnated eggs or seeds.