John Quincy Adams's letter to Mr. Anderson, minister to Columbia, May 27, 1823. See President's message on the Panama Congress, March, 1823.

Zavala, Historia, vol. 1, p. 38.

Robinson's Hist. Mex. Rev. p. 10.

Ward's Mexico, vol. 1, p. 127. Id. p. 157.

This term has been variously interpreted; it is supposed to be an ancient Indian word significant of contempt. It is applied by the natives to the European Spaniards or their full blooded descendants. See Robinson's His. Rey. Mex., 15.