progress resolve themselves mainly into three, increase of capital, increase of population, and improvements in production; understanding the last expression, in its widest sense, to include the process of procuring commodities from a distance, as well as that of producing them. It will be convenient to set out by considering each of the three causes, as operating separately; after which we can suppose them combined in any manner we think fit.298
§ 2. First two cases, Population and Capital increasing, the arts of production stationary.
For the sake of clearness we will form two general groups of these causes:
A. The Influence of Population and Capital (Improvements remaining stationary).
B. The Influence of Improvements (Population and Capital remaining stationary).
We will first take up A, and under this division make for convenience two separate suppositions:
I. The first is that, while Population is advancing, Capital is stationary. By this means we can study separately the operation of one of the factors of societary progress, Population, and see