objections as the general income-tax. They may be: * Assessed taxes.
Assessed taxes, such as on servants, dogs, etc. These are rigidly direct.
House-taxes are:
On building-rent.
On ground-rent.
House-taxes on building-rent are paid by occupier. This tax is indirect.
House-taxes on ground-rent are (1.) with, or (2.) without an equivalent tax on agricultural rent. (1.) Are paid by ground landlord wholly, and therefore direct. (2.) Are part by occupier, and therefore indirect.
Indirect taxes are:
- Excise,
- Customs, or
- Tolls.
Indirect taxes may be on (1.) Long or (2.) Short investments of capital.
Indirect taxes on Long investments are always unadvisable, in view of Canon IV.
Indirect taxes on Short investments are subject to the laws of indirect taxation. 1. Tax vanities rather than positive enjoyments (e.g., liveries rather than servants). 2. The consumer and not the producer should pay the tax collector (Canon IV). That is, collect the tax as near the actual consumer as possible. 3. Taxes