( pl. Pupae ): The second stage in the development of an insect, from which it emerges in the perfect (winged) reproductive form. In most insects the Pupal Stage is passed in perfect repose. The Chrysalis is the pupal state of butterflies.

The minute root of an embryo plant.

One half of the lower jaw in the Mammalia. The portion which rises to articulate with the skull is called the Ascending Ramus .

The extent of country over which a plant or animal is naturally spread. Range in Time expresses the distribution of a species or group through the fossiliferous beds of the earth’s crust.