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nydus/How it WorksPublic

Archibald Williams explains the scientific principles behind common mechanisms and physical phenomena such as steam, electricity, light, and hydraulics. The text focuses on the fundamental operation of everyday devices rather than specific models or detailed technical specifications.

Page 441 of 446
Table of Contents

Notes

1

"The Steam-Engine," p. 3.

2

By "weight of steam" is meant the steam produced by boiling a certain weight of water. A pound of steam, if condensed, would form a pound of water.

3

Also called ports.

4

The bores of the cylinders are in the proportion of 4: 6: 9. The stroke of all three is the same.

5

The ends furthest from the eccentric.

6

"The Locomotive of To-day," p. 87.

7

Even at this speed the wheel has a circumferential velocity of two-thirds that of a bullet shot from a Lee-Metford rifle. A vane weighing only 250 grains (about ½ oz.) exerts under these conditions a centrifugal pull of 15 cwt. on the wheel!

8

Steam-driven cars are not considered in this chapter, as their principle is much the same as that of the ordinary locomotive.

9

On some cars natural circulation is used, the hot water flowing from the top of the cylinder to the tank, from which it returns, after being cooled, to the bottom of the cylinder.

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