39 , one in 29; in 1831 , in the Old Town alone, one in 22. In Glasgow, according to Dr. Cowen, the average has been, since 1830 , one in 30; and in single years, one in 22 to 24. That this enormous shortening of life falls chiefly upon the working-class, that the general average is improved by the smaller mortality of the upper and middle-classes, is attested upon all sides. One of the most recent depositions is that of a physician, Dr. P. H. Holland, in Manchester, who investigated Chorlton-on-Medlock, a suburb of Manchester, under official commission. He divided the houses and streets into three classes each, and ascertained the following variations in the death-rate:
It is clear from other tables given by Holland that the mortality in the streets of the second class is 18 percent greater, and in the streets of the third class 68 percent greater than in those of the first class; that the mortality in the houses of the second class is 31 percent greater, and in the third class 78 percent greater than in