When the Duke of Chou was minister under Chʽêng Wang , he regulated ceremonies and made music, and venerated the arts of scholarship and learning; yet when the barbarians of the River Huai revolted, 133 he sallied forth and chastised them. When Confucius held office under the Duke of Lu , and a meeting was convened at Chia-ku , 134 he said: “If pacific negotiations are in progress, warlike preparations should have been made beforehand.” He rebuked and shamed the Marquis of Chʽi , who cowered under him and dared not proceed to violence. How can it be said that these two great Sages had no knowledge of military matters? 135