XI

The Nine Situations 568

Sun Tzǔ said: The art of war recognizes nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground. 569

When he has penetrated into hostile territory, but to no great distance, it is facile ground. 570

Ground the possession of which imports great advantage to either side, is contentious ground. 571

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