When there is dust rising in a high column, it is the sign of chariots advancing; when the dust is low, but spread over a wide area, it betokens the approach of infantry. 472 When it branches out in different directions, it shows that parties have been sent to collect firewood. 473 A few clouds of dust moving to and fro signify that the army is encamping. 474

Humble words and increased preparations are signs that the enemy is about to advance. 475 Violent language and driving forward as if to the attack are signs that he will retreat. 476

When the light chariots 477 come out first and take up a position on the wings, it is a sign that the enemy is forming for battle. 478