Notes

Some separate copies of these Appendixes are printed, for those who may desire to add them to the former editions.

The references are to the preceding articles.

Any little computations which occur in the rest of this section may be made on the fingers, or with counters.

This should be (23) a × a, but the sign × is unnecessary here. It is used with numbers, as in 2 × 7, to prevent confounding this, which is 14, with 27.

In this and all other processes, the student is strongly recommended to look at and follow the first Appendix.

Those numbers which have been altered are put in italics.