- the regularity of the work.
- habits.
- physical development.
As for the regularity of the work — we have
(a) The apportionment of the work and the rest.
Under Scientific Management, work time and rest time are scientifically apportioned. This means that the man is able to come to each task with the same amount of strength, and that from his work he gains habits of regularity.
(b) The laying out of the work. The standards upon which the instruction cards are based, and the method of preparing them, assure regularity.
(c) The manner of performing the work. Every time that identical work is done, it is done in an identical manner.
The resulting regularity has an excellent effect upon the physical welfare of the worker.
- Habits, under Scientific Management,
(a) are prescribed by standards. The various physical habits of the man, the motions that are used, having all been timed and then standardized, the worker acquires physical habits that are fixed.
(b) are taught; 1 therefore they are not remote but come actually and promptly into the consciousness and into the action of the worker.
(c) are retained, because they are standard habits and because the rewards which are given for using them make it an object to the worker to retain them.