, in his guiltiness, in a piece of the past, he must understand his very suffering as a state of punishment . He has heard, he has understood, has the unfortunate: he is now in the plight of a hen round which a line has been drawn. He never gets out of the circle of lines. The sick man has been turned into “the sinner”⁠—and now for a few thousand years we never get away from the sight of this new invalid, of “a sinner”⁠—shall we ever get away from it?⁠—wherever we just look, everywhere the hypnotic gaze of the sinner always moving in one direction (in the direction of guilt, the only cause of suffering); everywhere the evil conscience, this “ greuliche thier ,” 8