man: he is good-natured, easily deceived, perhaps a little stupid, un bonhomme . Everywhere that slave-morality gains the ascendancy, language shows a tendency to approximate the significations of the words “good” and “stupid.”⁠—A last fundamental difference: the desire for freedom , the instinct for happiness and the refinements of the feeling of liberty belong as necessarily to slave-morals and morality, as artifice and enthusiasm in reverence and devotion are the regular symptoms of an aristocratic mode of thinking and estimating.⁠—Hence we can understand without further detail why love as a passion ⁠—it is our European specialty⁠—must absolutely be of noble origin; as is well known, its invention is due to the Provençal poet-cavaliers, those brilliant, ingenious men of the gai saber , to whom Europe owes so much, and almost owes itself.