Captain P. Wright—“In Poland until the last, generation all business men were Jews: The Poles were peasants or landowners, and left commerce to the Jews; even now certainly much more than half, and perhaps as much as three-quarters, of business men are Jews.”
“For both town and country I think it a true gen¬ eralization to say that the East Jews are hardly ever ;producers, but nearly always middlemen ”
“Economically, the Jews appear at the very outset as dealers, not as producers, nor even as artisans, and chiefly dealers in money; in course of time the whole business and commerce of Poland became theirs, and they did nothing else.”
(b) With regard to the “estate agents” mentioned by Sir Stuart Samuel:
Captain P. Wright—“Poland is an agricultural country, but the East Jews, unlike the West Jews, play a large part in its country life. Every estate and every village has its Jew, who holds a sort of hereditary position in them; he markets the produce of the peas¬ ants and makes their purchases for them in town; every Polish landowner or noble had his own Jew, who did all his business for