Rémusat’s successor in the chair of Chinese, the late Stanislas Julien , published in 1842 a translation of the whole treatise. Having concluded from an examination of it, and the earliest Taoist writers, such as Chuang-tzŭ , Ho-kuan Tzŭ , and Ho-shang Kung , that the Tao was devoid of action, of thought, of judgement, and of intelligence, he concluded that it was impossible to understand by it “the primordial reason, or the sublime intelligence which created, and which governs the world,” and to this he subjoined the following note:⁠—“ Quelque étrange que puisse paraître cette idée de Laozi ,