3. Modality must be recognized.
4. Sometimes relegated to the predicate,
5, 6. Sometimes incorrectly rejected altogether.
7, 8. Common practical recognition of it.
9–11. Modal propositions in Logic and in Probability.
12. Aristotelian view of the Modals;
13, 14. Founded on extinct philosophical views;
15. But long and widely maintained.
16. Kant's general view.
17–19. The number of modal divisions admitted by various logicians.
20. Influence of the theory of Probability.
21, 22. Modal syllogisms.
23. Popular modal phraseology.
24–26. Probable and Dialectic syllogisms.
27, 28. Modal difficulties occur in Jurisprudence.
29, 30. Proposed standards of legal certainty.
31. Rejected formally in English Law, but possibly recognized practically.
32. How, if so, it might be determined.
CHAPTER XIV.
FALLACIES.
§§ 1–3. (I.) Errors in judging of events after they have happened.
4–7. Very various judgments may be thus involved.
8, 9. (II.) Confusion between random and picked selections.
10, 11. (III.) Undue limitation of the notion of Probability.
12–16. (IV.) Double or Quits: the Martingale.
17, 18. Physical illustration.