This courage is most like that which we described above, because its impulse is a virtuous one, viz. a sense of honour ( αἰδώς ), and desire for a noble thing (glory), and aversion to reproach, which is disgraceful.

We might, perhaps, put in the same class men who are forced to fight by their officers; but they are inferior, inasmuch as what impels them is not a sense of honour, but fear, and what they shun is not disgrace, but pain. For those in authority compel them in Hector’s fashion⁠—

“Whoso is seen to skulk and shirk the fight

Shall nowise save his carcase from the dogs.”

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