workman. No doubt the contrary is nearer the truth. He is a more efficient workman the more intelligent he is, and the discipline of the machine process ordinarily increases bifl efficiency even for work in a different line from that by which the discipline is given. But the intelligence required and inculcated in the machine industry is of a peculiar character. The machine process is a severe and insistent discipHnarian in point of intelligence. It requires close and unremitting thought, but it is thought which runs in standard terms of quantitative pi-ecision. Broadly,
CIVILIZATION AND THE MACHINE PROCESS 30!)
other intelligence on tlie part of the workman is useless ; or it ia even worse than useless, for a habit of thinking in other than quantitative terms blurs the workman's quantitative apprehension of the facts with which he has to do.'
In so far as he is a rightly gifted and fully disciplined workman, the final term of his hahitvxd thinking is mechanical efficiency, understanding " mechanical " in the sense in which it ia used above. But mechanical efficiency is a matter of precisely adjusted cause and efEect. What the discipline of the machine industry inculcates, therefore, in the habits of life and of thought of the workman, is regularity of sequence and mechanical precision ; and the intellectual outcome b an habitr ual resort to terms of measurable cause and effect, together with a relative neglect and disparagement of such exercise of the intellectual faculties as does not rim on these lines.
Of course, in no case and with no class does the discipline of the machine process mould the habits of life and of thought fully into its own Image. There is present in the human nature of all classes too large a residue of the propensities and aptitudes carried over from the past and working to a different result. The machine's regime has been of too