over large areas, affected in an approiimately uniform manner by any incident which at all seriouBly affects the industrial process at any point.' As was noted above, each industrial unit, represented by a given industrial "plant," stands in close relations of interdependence with other industrial processes going forward elsewhere, near or far away, from which it receives supplies — materials, apparatus, and the like — and to which it turns over its output of products and waste, or on which it depends for auxiliary work, such as transportation. The resultiug concatenation of industries has been noticed by most modern writers. It is commonly discussed under the head of the division of labor. Evidently the prevalent standardization of industrial means, methods, and products greatly increases the reach of this concatenation of industries, at the same time that it enforces a
' It Daa7 te noted En tbia conneGUoQ, on the one b&nd, tbU & population which Is in no degree habilunted to the modem induatriftl ptoeeu is unable to adapt its mode of life to the requiremeata of thia method of supplying humau wants, and so can derive but little benefit, and possibly great discomfort, from a forcible intrusion of the machine ioduatr; ; as, for Instance, masy ot the outlying barbarian peoples with whom the Western industrial culture is now euforcing a clone contact. On the other band, it is also true that even the moat adequately trained modern community, among wliom the machine indoatry is best at home, does not respond witb faultless alacrity to
Ltbe demands and opportunities which this systein bolils out. The ■rdaptatJon of habits of life and of ideals and aspirations to the