independent ãdetached girder,ã supported at each end but not otherwise fixed, and consisting essentially of an upper compression-member, AaB, and a lower tension-member, AB. But again, in the skeleton of the quadruped, the necessary tie, AB, is not to be found; and it follows that these comparatively simple types of bridge do not correspond to, nor do they help us to understand, the type of bridge which nature has designed in the skeleton of the quadruped. Nevertheless if we try to look, as an engineer would look, at the actual design of the animal skeleton and the actual distribution of its load, we find that, the one is most admirably adapted to the other, according to the strict principles of engineering construction. The structure is not an arch, nor a tied arch, nor a bowstring girder: but it is strictly and beautifully {694} comparable to the main girder of a double-armed cantilever bridge.
Obviously, in our quadrupedal bridge, the superstructure does not terminate (as it did in our former diagram) at the two points of support, but it extends beyond them at each end, carrying the head at one end and the tail at the other, upon a pair of projecting arms or ãcantileversã (Fig. 346).
In a typical cantilever bridge, such as the Forth Bridge (Fig. 345), a certain simplification is introduced. For each pier carries, in this case, its own double-armed cantilever, linked by a short connecting girder to the next, but so jointed to it that no weight is transmitted from one cantilever to another. The bridge in short is cut