240 Amer. J. of Physiol. VIII, pp. 273ã283, 1903 (vide supra, p. 181); cf. ibid. XV, pp. 46ã84, 1905. Cf. also Biological Bulletin, IV, p. 175. 1903.
241 In like manner Hardy has shewn that colloid particles migrate with the negative stream if the reaction of the surrounding fluid be alkaline, and vice versa. The whole subject is much wider than these brief allusions suggest, and is essentially part of Quinckeãs theory of Electrical Diffusion or Endosmosis: according to which the particles and the fluid in which they float (or the fluid and the capillary walls through which it flows) each carry a charge, there being a discontinuity of potential at the surface of contact, and hence a field of force leading to powerful tangential or shearing stresses, communicating to the particles a velocity which varies with the density per unit area of the surface charge. See W. B. Hardyãs paper on Coagulation by Electricity, Journ. of Physiol. XXIV, p. 288ã304, 1899, also Hardy and H. W. Harvey, Surface Electric Charges of Living Cells, Proc. R. S. LXXXIV (B), pp. 217ã226, 1911, and papers quoted therein. Cf. also E. N. Harveyãs observations on the convection of unicellular organisms in an electric field (Studies on the Permeability of Cells, Journ. of Exper. Zool. X, pp. 508ã556, 1911).
242 On Differences in Electrical Potential in Developing Eggs, Amer. Journ. of Physiol. XII, pp. 241ã275, 1905. This paper contains an excellent summary of various physical theories of the segmentation of the cell.
243 Gray has recently demonstrated a temporary increase of electrical conductivity in sea-urchin eggs during the process of fertilisation (The Electrical Conductivity of fertilised and unfertilised Eggs, Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc. X, pp. 50ã59, 1913).
244 Schewiakoff, Ueber die karyokinetische Kerntheilung der Euglypha alveolata, Morph. Jahrb. XIII, pp. 193ã258, 1888 (see p. 216).