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251 Cf. Plateauãs remarks (Statique des liquides, II, p. 154) on the tendency towards equiôÙlibôÙrium, rather than actual equiôÙlibôÙrium, in many of his systems of soap-films.

252 But under artificial conditions, ãpolyspermyã may take place, e.g. under the action of dilute poisons, or of an abnormally high temperature, these being all, doubtless, conditions under which the surface-tension is diminished.

253 Fol, H., Recherches sur la fûˋcondation, 1879. Roux, W., BeitrûÊge zur EntôÙwickeôÙlungsôÙmeôÙchaôÙnik des Embryo, Arch. f. Mikr. Anat. XIX, 1887. Whitman, C. O., OûÑkinesis, Journ. of Morph. I, 1887.

254 Wilson. The Cell, p. 77.

255 Eight and twelve are by much the commonest numbers, six and sixteen coming next in order. If we may judge by the list given by E. B. Wilson (The Cell, p. 206), over 80ã₤% of the observed cases lie between 6 and 16, and nearly 60ã₤% between 8 and 12.

256 Theory of Cells, p. 191.

257 The Cell in Development, etc. p. 59; cf. pp. 388, 413.

258 E.g. Brû¥cke, Elementarorganismen, p. 387: ãWir mû¥ssen in der Zelle einen kleinen Thierleib sehen, und dû¥rfen die Analogien, welche zwischen ihr und den kleinsten Thierformen existiren, niemals aus den Augen lassen.ã

259 Whitman, C. O., The Inadequacy of the Cell-theory, Journ. of Morphol. VIII, pp. 639ã658, 1893; Sedgwick, A., On the Inadequacy of the Cellular Theory of Development, Q.J.M.S. XXXVII, pp. 87ã101, 1895, XXXVIII, pp. 331ã337, 1896. Cf. Bourne, G. C., A Criticism of the Cell-theory; being an answer to Mr Sedgwickãs article, etc., ibid. XXXVIII, pp. 137ã174, 1896.

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