335 Cf. C. C. Dobell, Chromidia and the Binuclearity Hypotheses; a review and a criticism, Q.J.M.S. LIII, 279ã326, 1909; Prenant, A., Les Mitochondries et lãErgastoplasme, Journ. de lãAnat. et de la Physiol. XLVI, pp. 217ã285, 1910 (both with copious bibliography).
336 Traube in particular has maintained that in differences of surface-tension we have the origin of the active force productive of osmotic currents, and that herein we find an explanation, or an approach to an explanation, of many phenomena which were formerly deemed peculiarly ãvitalã in their character. ãDie Differenz der OberflûÊchenspannungen oder der OberflûÊchendruck eine Kraft darstellt, welche als treibende Kraft der Osmose, an die Stelle des nicht mit dem OberflûÊchendruck identischen osmotischen Druckes, zu setzen ist, etc.ã (OberflûÊchendruck und seine Bedeutung im Organismus, Pflû¥gerãs Archiv, CV, p. 559, 1904.) Cf. also Hardy (Pr. Phys. Soc. XXVIII, p. 116, 1916), ãIf the surface film of a colloid membrane separating two masses of fluid were to change in such a way as to lower the potential of the water in it, water would enter the region from both sides at once. But if the change of state were to be propagated as a wave of change, starting at one face and dying out at the other face, water would be carried along from one side of the membrane to the other. A succession of such waves would maintain a flow of fluid.ã
337 On the Distribution of Potassium in animal and vegetable Cells; Journ. of Physiol. XXXII, p. 95, 1905.
338 The reader will recognise that there is a fundamental difference, and contrast, between such experiments as these of Professor Macallumãs and the ordinary staining processes of the histologist. The latter are (as a general rule) purely empirical, while the former endeavour to reveal the true microchemistry of the cell. ãOn peut dire que la microchimie nãest encore quãû la pûˋriode dãessai, et que lãavenir de lãhistologie et spûˋcialement de la cytologie est tout entier dans la microchimieã (Prenant, A., Mûˋthodes et rûˋsultats de la Microchimie, Journ. de lãAnat. et de la Physiol. XLVI, pp. 343ã404, 1910).
339 Cf. Macallum, Presidential Address, Section I, Brit. Ass. Rep. (Sheffield), 1910, p. 744.