395 Such preconceptions as Rauber entertained were all in a direction likely to lead him away from such phenomena as he has faithfully depicted. Rauber had no idea whatsoever of the principles by which we are guided in this discussion, nor does he introduce at all the analogy of surface-tension, or any other purely physical concept. But he was deeply under the influence of Sachsãs rule of rectangular intersection; and he was accordingly disposed to look upon the configuration represented above in Fig. 168, 6, as the most typical or most primitive.
396 Cf. Rauber, Neue Grundlage z. K. der Zelle, Morph. Jahrb. VIII, 1883, pp. 273, 274:
397 Rouxãs experiments were performed with drops of paraffin suspended in dilute alcohol, to which a little calcium acetate was added to form a soapy pellicle over the drops and prevent them from reuniting with one another.
398 Cf. (e.g.) Clerk Maxwell, On Reciprocal Figures, etc., Trans. R. S. E. XXVI, p. 9, 1870.
399 See Greville, K. R., Monograph of the Genus Asterolampra, Q.J.M.S. VIII, (Trans.), pp. 102ã124, 1860; cf. IBID. (n.s.), II, pp. 41ã55, 1862.
400 The same is true of the insectãs wing; but in this case I do not hazard a conjectural explanation.
401 Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), III, p. 126, 1849.
402 Phil. Trans. CLVII, pp. 643ã656, 1867.
403 Sachs, Pflanzenphysiologie (Vorlesung XXIV), 1882; cf. Rauber, Neue Grundlage zur Kenntniss der Zelle, Morphol. Jahrb. VIII, p. 303 seq., 1883; E. B. Wilson, Cell-lineage of Nereis, Journ. of Morphology, VI, p. 448, 1892, etc.
404 In the following account I follow closely on the lines laid down by Berthold; Protoplasmamechanik, cap. vii. Many botanical phenomena identical and similar to those here dealt with, are elaborately discussed by Sachs in his Physiology of Plants (chap. xxvii, pp. 431ã459, Oxford, 1887); and in his earlier papers, Ueber die Anordnung der Zellen in jû¥ngsten Pflanzentheilen, and Ueber Zellenanordnung und Wachsthum (Arb. d. botan. Inst. Wû¥rzburg, 1878, 1879). But Sachsãs treatment differs entirely from that which I adopt and advocate here: his explanations being based on his ãlawã of rectangular succession, and involving complicated systems of confocal conics, with their orthogonally intersecting ellipses and hyperbolas.