473 With the colloid chemists, we may adopt (as Rhumbler has done) the terms spumoid or emulsoid to denote an agglomeration of fluid-filled vesicles, restricting the name froth to such vesicles when filled with air or some other gas.
474 Cf. Koltzoff, Zur Frage der Zellgestalt, Anat. Anzeiger, XLI, p. 190, 1912.
475 Mûˋm. de lãAcad. des Sci., St. Pûˋtersbourg, XII, Nr. 10, 1902.
476 The manner in which the minute spicules of Raphidiophrys arrange themselves round the bases of the pseudopodial rays is a similar phenomenon.
477 Rhumbler, Physikalische Analyse von Lebenserscheinungen der Zelle, Arch. f. Entw. Mech. VII, p. 103, 1898.
478 The whole phenomenon is described by biologists as a ãsurprising exhibition of constructive and selective activity,ã and is ascribed, in varying phraseology, to intelligence, skill, purpose, psychical activity, or ãmicroscopic mentalityã: that is to say, to Galenãs üöçüö§ö¿ö¤Ã§Ç üüüö¿ü, or ãartistic creativenessã (cf. Brockãs Galen, 1916, p. xxix). Cf. Carpenter, Mental Physiology, 1874, p. 41; Norman, Architectural achievements of Little Masons, etc., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), I, p. 284, 1878; Heron-Allen, Contributionsã...ãto the Study of the Foraminifera, Phil. Trans. (B), CCVI, pp. 227ã279, 1915; Theory and Phenomena of Purpose and Intelligence exhibited by the Protozoa, as illustrated by selection and behaviour in the Foraminifera, Journ. R. Microscop. Soc. pp. 547ã557, 1915; ibid., pp. 137ã140, 1916. Prof. J. A. Thomson (New Statesman, Oct.
23, 1915) describes a certain little foraminifer, whose protoplasmic body is overlaid by a crust of sponge-spicules, as ãa psycho-physical individuality whose experiments in self-expression include a masterly treatment of sponge-spicules, and illustrate that organic skill which came before the dawn of Art.ã Sir Ray Lankester finds it ãnot difficult to conceive of the existence of a mechanism in the protoplasm of the Protozoa which selects and rejects building-material, and determines the shapes of the structures built, comparable to that mechanism which is assumed to exist in the nervous system of insects and other animals which ãautomaticallyã go through wonderfully elaborate series of complicated actions.ã And he agrees with ãDarwin and others [who] have attributed the building up of these inherited mechanisms to the age-long action of Natural Selection, and the survival of those individuals possessing qualities or ãtricksã of life-saving value,ã J. R. Microsc. Soc. April, 1916, p. 136.