These simple passions called “appetite,” “desire,” “love,” “aversion,” “hate,” “joy,” and “grief,” have their names for divers considerations diversified. As first, when they one succeed another, they are diversely called from the opinion men have of the likelihood of attaining what they desire. Secondly, from the object loved or hated. Thirdly, from the consideration of many of them together. Fourthly, from the alteration or succession itself.
For “appetite,” with an opinion of attaining, is called “hope.”
The same, without such opinion, “despair.”
“Aversion,” with opinion of “hurt” from the object, “fear.”
The same, with hope of avoiding that hurt by resistance, “courage.”
Sudden “courage,” “anger.”
Constant “hope,” “confidence” of ourselves.
Constant “despair,” “diffidence” of ourselves.
“Anger” for great hurt done to another, when we conceive the same to be done by injury, “indignation.”
“Desire” of good to another, “benevolence,” “good will,” “charity.” If to man generally, “good-nature.”
“Desire” of riches, “covetousness”; a name used always in signification of blame; because men contending for them, are displeased with one another attaining them; though the desire in itself, be to be blamed, or allowed, according to the means by which these riches are sought.
“Desire” of office, or precedence, “ambition”: a name used also in the worse sense, for the reason before mentioned.