If a man therefore should ask a pastor, in the execution of his office, as the chief priests and elders of the people ( Matt. 21:23) asked our Saviour, “By what authority doest thou these things, and who gave thee this authority?” he can make no other just answer, but that he doth it by the authority of the commonwealth, given him by the king, or assembly that representeth it. All pastors, except the supreme, execute their charges in the right, that is, by the authority of the civil sovereign, that is, jure civili . But the king, and every other sovereign, executeth his office of supreme pastor by immediate authority from God, that is to say, in “God’s right” or jure divino . And therefore none but kings can put into their titles a mark of their submission to God only, Dei gratia rex , etc.