• There is a double meaning in the Italian expression sta fresco , which is well rendered by the vulgarism, left out in the cold , so familiar in American politics. ↩
• Beccaria of Pavia, Abbot of Vallombrosa, and Papal Legate at Florence, where he was beheaded in 1258 for plotting against the Guelfs. ↩
• Gianni de’ Soldanieri, of Florence, a Ghibelline, who betrayed his party. Villani, VII 14, says:⁠— “Messer Gianni de’ Soldanieri put himself at the head of the populace from motives of ambition, regardless of consequences which were injurious to the Ghibelline party, and to his own detriment, which seems always to have been the case in Florence with those who became popular leaders.” ↩
• The traitor Ganellon, or Ganalon, who betrayed the Christian cause at Roncesvalles, persuading Charlemagne not to go to the assistance of Orlando. See note 466 . Tebaldello de’ Manfredi treacherously opened the gates of Faenza to the French in the night. ↩