• 2 Kings 20:11:⁠— “And Isaiah the prophet cried unto the Lord; and he brought the shadow ten degrees backward, by which it had gone down in the dial of Ahaz.” ↩
• Constantine, who transferred the seat of empire, the Roman laws, and the Roman standard to Byzantium, thus in a poetic sense becoming a Greek. ↩
• This refers to the supposed gift of Constantine to Pope Sylvester, known in ecclesiastical history as the patrimony of Saint Peter. Inferno XXI 115:⁠— “Ah, Constantine! of how much woe was mother, Not thy conversion, but that marriage-dower Which the first wealthy Father took from thee!” ↩