• Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor of the Schools, died at the convent of Fossa Nuova in the Campagna, being on his way to the Council of Lyons, in 1274. He is supposed to have been poisoned by his physician, at the instigation of Charles of Anjou. ↩
• Charles of Valois, who came into Italy by invitation of Boniface the Eighth, in 1301. See Inferno VI 69 . ↩
• There is in old French literature a poem entitled Le Tournoyement de l’Antechrist , written by Hugues de Mery, a monk of the Abbey of St. Germain-des-Prés, in the thirteenth century, in which he describes a battle between the Virtues under the banner of Christ, and the Vices under that of Antichrist. In the Vision of Piers Ploughman , there is a joust between Christ and the foul fiend:⁠— “Thanne was Feith in a fenestre, And cryde a fili David , As dooth an heraud of armes, Whan aventrous cometh to justes. Old Jewes of Jerusalem For joye thei songen, Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini. “Thanne I frayned at Feith, What al that fare by-mente, And who sholde juste in Jerusalem. ‘Jhesus,’ he seide, ‘And fecche that the fend claymeth, Piers fruyt the Plowman.’ ⋮ “ ‘Who shal juste with Jhesus?’ quod I, ‘Jewes or scrybes?’ “ ‘Nay,’ quod he; ‘The foule fend, And fals doom and deeth.’ ” ↩