central time of the commercial ruin induced by the disorder of the Kipper und Wipper Zeit. The pamphleteer and polemic literature of this crisis is as Page 104 rich and instructive as any which has accompanied the bimetallic agitation and silver question of our later days.
At Hamburg the thaler, which had gradually risen from an equivalence of 24 schillingen to 33 schillingen in 1609, had a correspondingly excited course during these years.
| Schillingen. | Pfennige. | Schillingen. | Pfennige. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct. 1609 | 36 | 0 | July 1618 | 42 | 6 | |
| 1610-13 | 37 | 0 | Sept. | 43 | 0 | |
| Dec. 1614 | 37 | 6 | Nov. | 44 | 0 |