in the standard. The imperial proclamations of 20th January and 24th September 1571 were of no avail against this process, and by 1585 the mercantile rate had risen, thus—
| Philipps thaler | = 82 kr. |
|---|---|
| Reichs thaler | = 74 " |
| Gulden groschen | = 64 " |
In 1596 the Imperial Commissioners at Frankfort provisionally recognised as a tariff—
| Gold gulden | =80 kr. |
|---|---|
| Reichs thaler | =72 " |
| Gulden groschen or thaler | = 64 " |
But later in the same year these authorities at Strasburg set the Reichs thaler at 84 kreutzers (mark of fine silver = Page 369 12 fl. 36 kr.). As the disorder of the Kipper und Wipper Zeit broke over the Empire, in consequence of the process of wilful depreciation, the Emperor made several public attempts at its arrestation by letters addressed to the various Circles separately (1601, 1603, and 1607). Meanwhile, the Reichs thaler had risen to 90 kreutzers (mark of fine silver = 13 1⁄2 florins).
According to this valuation the gulden of 1551 of 72