- Under the clan (gentile or tribal) system out of which the West-European peoples passed into the realm of feudal Christendom, a given group stood together in a union
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En virtud de esta feliz dote de imaginación tribal, el hombre común es capaz de sentir que posee algún tipo de participación metafísica en las ganancias que recaen en los hombres de negocios que son ciudadanos de la misma «mancomunidad»; de modo que cualquier política que favorezca las ganancias comerciales de aquellos hombres de negocios cuyo domicilio se encuentra dentro de las fronteras nacionales se percibe como beneficiosa para el resto de la población.
offence and defence, warlike and economic, on the basis of a putative blood relationship. When the manor or the (essentially servile) mark came to replace the clan group as the economic and civil unit, the bond of putative blood relationship persisted in a slightly modified form and force, the incidence of the sense of solidarity, the "consciousness of kind," then shifting to the new group unit, with allegiance centring on the feudal head of the group, instead of, as formerly, on the senior line of putative descent. When the state came forward in medieval and early modern times and took over the powers and prerogatives of the head of the manor or the feudal lord, it took over also the incidence of this sense of allegiance, and the sense of solidarity came to cover the larger group of the nation which had succeeded to the autonomy of the manor. Where the line of institutional descent runs through the industrial town, with guild, handicraft, and local government, the transient features of the growth are superficially different but in effect much the same.